Risks are involved in clinical research, as in routine medical care and activities of daily living. Most clinical studies pose risks of minor discomfort, lasting only a short time. Some volunteer subjects, however, experience complications that require medical attention. The specific risks associated with any research protocol are described in detail in the consent document, which you are asked to sign before taking part in research. In addition, the major risks of participating in a study will be explained to you by a member of the research team, who will answer your questions about the study. Although you may not receive any direct benefit as a result of participating in research, the knowledge developed may help others.